TCG--ENGL 270: A Crit/Theory VOCABULARY/Outline

A Lit/Crit VOCABULARY:
TCG's Outline of Major 20th- & 21st-Century
SCHOOLS, Critics, Texts, and TERMINOLOGY

General/Miscellaneous Terminology::::

(literary) criticism vs. (literary) theory
work /(vs.) text
canon
genre
hermeneutics
biographical criticism
(old) historical criticism
work / artist (author) / audience / universe (world) [M. H. Abrams: The Mirror and the Lamp (1953)]

intrinsic criticism vs. extrinsic criticism

formalism
mimesis (mimetic)

expressionist criticism / impressionist(ic) criticism

Modernity/Modernism vs. Postmodernity/Postmodernism

RUSSIAN FORMALISM (1910's-1930's) {-->Structuralism}

poetics
(literary/poetic/technical) devices
foregrounding ("literariness")
Victor SHKLOVSKY
- defamiliarization (estrangement)
Vladimir PROPP: Morphology of the Folktale (1927)

narratology / narrateme(s)

Roman JAKOBSON {see Structuralism-->}

NEW CRITICISM (i.e., Anglo-American Formalism; 1920's-present?!)

close reading
organic whole / (organic) unity [Coleridge]
ambiguity / irony / paradox [Brooks] / tension
reconciliation of opposites [Coleridge]
objective correlative [T. S. Eliot]
I. A. RICHARDS: Principles of Literary Criticism (1924)
William EMPSON: Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930)
John Crowe RANSOM: The New Criticism (1941)

ontological object (aka "autotelic artifact")

Cleanth BROOKS: Understanding Poetry (1938; w/ Robert Penn Warren); The Well-Wrought Urn (1947)

heresy of paraphrase

W. K. WIMSATT and Monroe BEARDSLEY: The Verbal Icon (1954)

intentional fallacy
affective fallacy

figures of speech (metaphor, symbol, etc.)
prosody

PSYCHOANALYTIC CRITICISM (1920's-present)

Sigmund FREUD: The Interpretation of Dreams (1899); Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1917); New Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1933)

libido
topographic models of the psyche

(ego) consciousness / the preconscious / the unconscious
id / ego / superego (tripartite model)

pleasure principle / reality principle
eros / thanatos
Freudian slip (parapraxis)
psychosexual stages: anal / oral / phallic / latency / genital

Oedipal complex / Electra complex

castration anxiety / penis envy

defense mechanisms

repression
projection
displacement
substitution
rationalization
identification
reaction formation
sublimation

dream interpretation

manifest content / latent content
wish fulfillment
condensation / displacement
phallic symbol / yonic symbol

psychobiography

ARCHETYPAL (Jungian / Mythic) CRITICISM

Carl JUNG

personal unconscious / collective unconscious
archetypes (archetypal): shadow / anima & animus / (etc.)
intrapsychic interpretation

Maud BODKIN: Archetypal Patterns in Poetry (1934)
Northrop FRYE: The Anatomy of Criticism (1957)

monomyth (spring"—"fall"—"summer"—"winter")

Joseph CAMPBELL: The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949)

the "hero's journey"

Jacques LACAN: The Language of the Self (1956); Écrits (1966)

the Self (vs. the Other)
"realms": the Imaginary / the Symbolic / the Real

mirror stage
Law of the Father
the Phallus

desire / lack {-->Poststructuralism}

objet petit a

jouissance

Julia KRISTEVA: Revolution in Poetic Language (1974); Desire in Language (1980)

chora / semiotic (sémiotique)

Harold BLOOM: The Anxiety of Influence (1973)

(the) "anxiety of influence"
misprision (misreading)

identity theme [Holland]

MARXIST CRITICISM (1920's-present)

Karl MARX: The Communist Manifesto (1848; w/ Friedrich Engels); Das Kapital (1867)

materialism (dialectical ~)
capitalism
ideology
bourgeoisie (bourgeois) / proletariat (proletarian)
classism
base / superstructure
division of labor
commodification (commodify, commodified)
alienation
false consciousness
co-opt (co-opted, co-optation)

Leon TROTSKY: Literature and Revolution (1924)
Georg LUKÁCS: The Historical Novel (1937)

Weltanschauung (worldview)
reflection theory (vulgar Marxism)
reification

alienation effect [Brecht]
The FRANKFURT SCHOOL (of "Critical Theory")

Walter BENJAMIN

"aura"

Theodor ADORNO

Antonio GRAMSCI

hegemony (hegemonic) [consensus] / counter-hegemonic

Louis ALTHUSSER: Lenin and Philosophy (1969)

interpellation ("hailing the subject")
Repressive State Apparatus[es] (R.S.A.'s) / Ideological State Apparatus[es] (I.S.A.'s)
production theory

Raymond WILLIAMS {-->Cultural Materialism; (Pop) Cultural Studies}
attentive reading (Macherey)
Fredric JAMESON: The Political Unconscious (1981)

(the) political unconscious

Terry EAGLETON

READER-RESPONSE CRITICISM (1930's-present)

phenomenology [Husserl]

hermeneutics / hermeneutic circle [Heidegger; Gadamer; Ricoeur]
forestructure [Heidegger]

I.A. RICHARDS: Practical Criticism (1929)

appetencies

Louise ROSENBLATT: Literature as Exploration (1938); The Reader, the Text, the Poem: The Transactional Theory of the Literary Work (1978)

transactional experience ("poem" = reader + text)

Hans JAUSS: Toward an Aesthetic of Reception (1967)

reception theory
horizon(s) of expectations

Wolfgang ISER: The Implied Reader (1972); The Act of Reading (1976)

(textual) gap / blank
horizon(s) of expectations
implied reader vs. actual reader

David BLEICH: Subjective Criticism (1978)

subjective criticism

Stanley FISH: Is There a Text in This Class? (1980)

interpretive community

Gerald PRINCE {see Structuralism-->}

STRUCTURALISM (1950's-present!?)

code(s) (social ~, linguistic ~)
binary (opposition) [Lévy-Strauss; Barthes]
Ferdinand de SAUSSURE: Course in General Linguistics (1916)

structural linguistics

langue vs. parole
difference
sign / signification

signifier / signified / referent

synchrony (synchronic) vs. diachrony (diachronic)

paradigmatic vs. syntagmatic

semiology (aka semiotics)

text / textuality / intertextuality
tropes (metaphor, metonymy, etc.)
Roman JAKOBSON: Fundamentals of Language (1956)
- metaphor vs. metonymy (metonymic)
Jacques LACAN (≈ "Freud + Saussure") {see Psychoanalytic Criticism-->}
Claude LÉVY-STRAUSS: The Raw and the Cooked (1964)

mytheme

Roland BARTHES: Mythologies (1957); S/Z (1970)

"the death of the author"
demythologization (demythologize) [note also: demystification (demystify)]

Michel FOUCAULT: The Order of Things (1966)

(the) author function

Jonathan CULLER: Structuralist Poetics (1975)
Michel RIFFATERRE: The Semiotics of Poetry (1978)
narratology [Propp; Todorov; Greimas; Prince]
Gerald PRINCE: Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative (1982)

ideal reader vs. virtual ~ vs. real ~
narratee

palimpsest [Genette]

POSTSTRUCTURALISM (1960's-present)

relativism / subjectivism / perspectivism [Nietzsche]
(social) constructivism (constructivist) [vs. essentialism (essentialist)]
Jacques DERRIDA: "Structure, Sign, and Play . . ." (1966); Of Grammatology (1967)

deconstruction (deconstruct, deconstructive)
privileged vs. unprivileged ("halves" of a binary pair)
reversal (of binary)
decenter(ing) (decentered)
transcendental signified
logocentrism (logocentric)
phonocentrism (vs. arche-writing)
absence vs. presence
différance (= difference + deferral)
supplementarity (supplementation)
undecidability (indeterminacy)
aporia / misspeaking
(epistemological) violence
"under erasure" (sous rature, "within brackets")

Roland BARTHES: The Pleasure of the Text (1973)

"the pleasure of the text"

Michel FOUCAULT
Jean-François LYOTARD: The Postmodern Condition (1979)

"postmodernism" (as a general contemporary human "condition") (academic slang: "pomo theory")
metanarrative (grand récit)

Jean BAUDRILLARD: Simulacra and Simulation (1981)

simulation / simulacra

Fredric JAMESON: Postmodernism: or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991)

FEMINIST CRITICISM (1960's-present)

Virginia WOOLF: A Room of One's Own (1929)

"Shakespeare's sister"
"woman's sentence"

Simone de BEAUVOIR: The Second Sex (1949)

(the) Other

sexism / misogyny

patriarchy (patriarchal)
phallocentrism (phallocentric) / phallo[lo]gocentrism (phallo[lo]gocentric)
(the) male gaze [Mulvey]

gender (vs. sex)
sexual politics [Millet]
canon (especially vis-à-vis the recovery/recuperation of long-ignored/suppressed women's texts)
"herstory"
American feminism (emphasis: textual suppression) / British ~ (emphasis: economic oppression) / French ~ (emphasis: psychological repression)
l'écriture féminine [Cixous]
womanspeak [Irigaray]
Elaine SHOWALTER: A Literature of Their Own (1977)

gynocriticism
feminine phase / feminist phase / female phase

Sandra GILBERT & Susan GUBAR: Madwoman in the Attic (1979)

"angel" vs. "madwoman" (cf. virgin vs. whore, etc.)
"duplicity" (double-voicedness)
female rage

ecofeminism

Annette KOLODNY: The Lay of the Land (1975)

postmodern feminism / postfeminism

NEW HISTORICISM (and CULTURAL MATERIALISM) (1970's-present)

Mikhail BAKHTIN: Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics (1929); Rabelais and His World (1965); The Dialogic Imagination (1981)
- dialogism (dialogic)
- heteroglossia (heteroglossic)
- polyphony (polyphonic)
- carnival (carnivalesque)
Michel FOUCAULT: Discipline and Punish (1975)

power

(social forces of) containment (coercion) vs. subversion (resistance)

discourse(s)

"negotiation" / "contestation" (contestatory) / "battleground" (and a plethora of other metaphors of strife & struggle)

discipline [both noun & verb]
episteme

Stephen GREENBLATT: Renaissance Self-Fashioning (1980); Shakespearean Negotiations (1988)
- Cultural Poetics
(many) "voices" (polyvocality; multivalency; and note Bakhtin's terms, above)

incl. "submerged" discourses

thick description [Geertz]

POSTCOLONIAL THEORY (academic slang: "poco theory") (1970's-present)

imperialism / colonialism / postcolonialism / neo-colonialism
colonizers vs. the colonized

(the colonized) Other / alterity (Otherness)

(the) subaltern [Gramsci; Spivak]

decolonization (decolonize)

Franz FANON: Black Skin, White Masks (1952); The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
Edward SAID: Orientalism (1978)

Orientalism

Abdul JANMOHAMED: Manichean Aesthetics (1983)
- Manichean allegory
Ashcroft, Griffiths, and Tiffin: The Empire Writes Back (1989)

"writing back against the Empire"

Gayatri Chakravorty SPIVAK: The Post-Colonial Critic (1990)
- strategic essentialism
Homi BHABHA: The Location of Culture (1994)

(cultural) hybridity
ambivalence
unhomeliness

ETHNIC CRITICISM (≈ "Critical Race Theory") (1980's-present)

["]race["] / racism
Other / alterity (otherness)
marginalization (marginal, marginalized) / liminality (liminal)
double consciousness [DuBois]
Henry Louis GATES, Jr.: The Signifying Monkey (1988)

double-voicedness

Abdul JANMOHAMED {see Postcolonial Theory-->}
Gerald VIZENOR: Manifest Manners (1994)

postindian

(POP) CULTURAL STUDIES (1980's-present)

Birmingham School of Culture Studies (1964-present)

Stuart HALL
Dick HEBDIGE: Subculture: The Meaning of Style (1979)

Jane RADWAY: Reading the Romance (1984)
Greil MARCUS: Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century (1989)
Laura MULVEY: Visual and Other Pleasures (1989)
Simon During, ed.: The Cultural Studies Reader (1993)

QUEER THEORY (1990's-present)

heterosexism
homophobia / homophobic
homoerotic / homoeroticism
coding / coded
Eve SEDGWICK: Epistemology of the Closet (1990)

homosociality (homosocial)

Judith BUTLER: Gender Trouble (1990); Bodies that Matter (1993)

performativity (performative) / theatricality

ECOCRITICISM (1980's-present)

nature writing
place(-based) studies
ecopoetics
Joseph MEEKER: The Comedy of Survival (1972)
Jonathan BATE: Romantic Ecology (1991)
Lawrence BUELL: The Environmental Imagination (1995)

ecocentrism (vs. egocentrism, anthropocentrism, homocentrism)
(the) environmental unconscious

Cheryll GLOTFELTY: The Ecocriticism Reader (1996; ed. w/ Harold Fromm)
Kerridge & Sammells, eds.: Writing the Environment (1998)
environmental justice (movement)
ecofeminism
zoöcriticism [Gannon]
species alterity (the "animal Other") [Gannon]

Course Syllabus/Schedule

Class Notes/Commentary

TCG's LitCrit (Resource) Page

TCG--ENGL 270--UNL

Date Created: 7/15/11

Last Modified: 7/30/11

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